We’ve been wet and cold for 12 hours, looking for Yellowfin tuna. Around us, three other vessels are using their powerful strobe lights to turn night into day. Everyone furiously pumps circular hand-reels, hoping for a bite. The reels are occasionally exchanged for long-handled nets, used to pluck out fast-moving squid lured by the light. It’s a colourful carnival in the middle of the sea.
Splash! The first tuna is landed. It’s a handsome 36-kilogramme Yellowfin, dazed after being pulled up from the depths. Soon, we reel in another. Employing proper techniques, both fish are hauled aboard and gently placed in an ice-box to preserve meat quality. We head back before the sun rises. The night’s fishing is done.
This is an adventure shared by Gregg Yan of WWF. For a city dweller like me, I don't get to enjoy such fishing adventure but what I celebrate is the tuna on my plate! :) And for me, tuna is a fish meal I can't live without, whether's it's straight from a can or frozen good bought from a grocery or a meal / dish bought from a restaurant or food store. While it's my favorite and I enjoy every bite of it, I was not too aware of the situation. I heard about over fishing in the south and the fishermen are going much further to the sea to catch fine ones. But more than catching a tuna, the process takes really much longer. And this is where public and private sectors come in, including the WWF. WWF Philippines shares this news.
One of every five tuna is caught in the Coral Triangle, a six-million kilometre expanse which covers the waters of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The region generates 40% of the Western Central Pacific’s total tuna catch and employs millions of people, fuelling the economies of several nations.
Next to Indonesia, the Philippines is Asia’s largest tuna exporter. In 2010, it was the Western and Central Pacific Ocean’s 7th best tuna generator. The country shipped 106,449 metric tonnes of prime-grade Yellowfin, Big-eye, Skipjack and other forms of tuna to the United States, United Kingdom and Germany in 2010. About 52% of the country’s fish exports come from tuna, which are still abundant in Mindoro, Ilocos Norte, Negros and Sarangani.
However, rising demand coupled with decades of intensive fishing threatens the country’s tuna stocks. “Unless we closely manage and protect remaining populations, our tuna industry might collapse,” warns Joel Palma, Conservation Programmes Vice-president for the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-Philippines). Moving proactively, WWF launched the Public Private Partnership Program Towards Sustainable Tuna (PPTST) in 2011 to improve Yellowfin tuna management practices for 5000 fishers in 112 tuna fishing villages around the Lagonoy Gulf in Bicol and 28 tuna fishing communities in Occidental Mindoro.
PPTST harnesses market power and consumer demand to support sustainable fishing gear and methods such as artisanal fishing, hand-line reels and circle hooks. “Hand-line fishing is done aboard small boats. Fishers use single hooks to catch one tuna at a time. This ensures that only mature, high-quality tuna are caught while minimizing the problem of bycatch – unintentionally catching species which are usually discarded,” says Palma.
The deployment of revolutionary C-shaped circle hooks has also reduced sea turtle deaths by as much as 90%. “When turtles bite down on these hooks, they just fold inwards. Altering the shape of the hook was all that was needed to minimize turtle bycatch for tuna fishers,” adds Palma. The problem of bycatch wastes an estimated 40% of global hauls annually.
PPTST also works to improve meat handling practices. “All fish theoretically start as Grade-A tuna. Poor handling degrades meat quality. A fish caught just three hours before being sold can have Grade-B or Grade-C meat if it is badly bruised. Low-grade tuna sells for about PHP80 per kilogramme, while sashimi-grade cuts retail for up to PHP300 per kilogramme.
Due to current practices, almost 70% of all sold tuna is classified as Grade-C,” explains WWF-Philippines PPTST Project Manager Joann Binondo. Establishing long-term market access, promoting responsible fisheries management, providing selectively-caught tuna to market actors and environmentally-aware consumers and reaching Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification are among the project’s objectives.
So far, PPTST has successfully organized municipal tuna fishers associations in all 15 LGUs in the Lagonoy Gulf plus six LGUs in the Mindoro Strait, spearheaded registration and licensing of tuna fishers, vessels and gear to minimize bycatch and illegal fishing, deployed 1000 tuna tags to make the fishery traceable, and completed a series of training sessions on proper tuna handling to ensure that exported tuna continually meet international quality standards.
The European Commission recently gave the Philippine government a ‘Yellow Card’ rating for being unable to sufficiently manage illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. PPTST offers solutions not just to eliminate IUU fishing – but to restore overall fisheries productivity.
Funded by Coop, Bell Seafood, Seafresh and the German Investment and Development Corporation, PPTST involves European seafood companies plus their local suppliers, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), local government units in Mindoro and the Bicol Region, the WWF Coral Triangle Programme, WWF-Germany and WWF-Philippines.
“The secret is to add more value to tuna, rather than forcing people to fish more. We must secure quality tuna without seriously increasing fishing effort. We aim to reach Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification by 2016,” concludes Binondo. “Our goal is to ensure that our tuna stocks last for many more generations. Through the support of our allies and the hard work of artisanal fishers, PPTST will strike a balance between ecology and the economy.”
As you can see, a lot happens before our favorite tuna lands on our table. A lot of things has to be done. I hope the Philippines will be able to reach that certification soon and guarantee food sustainability so that the future generation can get to enjoy one of our country's richest marine resources.
For more information about marine conservation and how you can help, please visit www.wwf.org.ph.
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